Multifamily Investing Glossary

Here's our Glossary with basic terms in MFRE Investing. Whether you're an experienced accredited investor, or the newest newbie in the business, you have to know these terms and acronyms to become a Pro in Multifamily Real Estate!

Click on the menu below to go to the letter you want, and click the big letter to go back to the top.

A

ABP

Acronym for All Bills Paid

Absorption

Metric used to measure tenant’s demand. It shows how quickly it would take to rent or sell in a given market.

Absorption Rate

Rate to measure how long it would take to sell or rent a property. If it’s around 15%-20%, it means it has a high chance of selling or renting quickly. 

Accredited Investor

The U.S. Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) defines an accredited investor as an individual (i.e., natural person) who may qualify based on wealth and income thresholds, as well as other measures of financial sophistication.

Amortization

The amount of loan principal paid back in a given period.

Apartment

Building with several separate dwelling units with housekeeping facilities.

APR

Acronym for Annual Percentage Rate

Appraisal

The valuation of a property in today’s market.

Appreciation Return

 Return from appreciation in the value of property.

Asset

Property or resource with economic value owned by individuals or organizations.

Asset Manager

A Real Estate Asset Manager is in charge on managing their client's assets on their behalf, ensuring that the properties do not depreciate or devalue while growing their portfolio.

B

Balance Sheet Partner

Provides missing financial qualifications, such as requisite net worth, liquidity, or credit score.

Bankruptcy

Legal procedure made by companies or people to declare they're unable to repay their debts to creditors to seek relief of some (or all) of their debts.

Boot

Essential sale proceeds from the exchanged property that do not go into the replacement property.

Receiving “boot” is perfectly legal, but you must pay tax on the “boot”.

Broker

Individual or firm that represents or acts as an intermediary between two or more negotiating parties.

Buy & Hold

Investment strategy that consists of buying stabilized, cash-flowing property at an attractive yield and holding for long-term as NOI growth and amortization increase your equity

C

Cap Rate

Acronym for Capitalization Rate. Equivalent to the unlevered return on the property.

CapEx

Acronym for Capital Expenditures. CapEx is the money spent in acquiring and maintaining the asset.

Cash Flow

Movements of money in and out of a company.

Cash-On-Cash Return

Term that refers to the actual cash going to the investor’s bank account annually.

Catch-all

Allows you to tack on requests for anything else that you discover you need or forgot to request.

Caveat

A legal document that provides a legal claim of a property.

Class A Properties

Newest kind of properties, with most modern amenities and have the highest rents.

Class B Properties

Yesterday’s Class A properties, they tend to be 5-20 years old, and sometimes they're renovated.

Class C Properties

Properties that are 20-40 years old.

Class D Properties

Properties nearing the end of useful life.

Clause

A particular section of a contract in a purchase or lease agreement.

CMBS

Acronym for Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities.

COC

Acronym for Cash On Cash Return

Concession

Benefit, incentive, or discount given or received by the seller or the buyer during a transaction to help close the deal.

Contingency

A clause that buyers include when making an offer on a home that allows them to back out of buying the house if the terms of the clause aren't met.

COO

Acronym for Certificates of Occupancy.

CRE

Acronym for Commercial Real Estate.  Property used for business-related purposes.

D

Deed

A signed legal document that transfers the ownership of a property to a new owner.missing financial qualifications, such as requisite net worth, liquidity, or credit score.

Depreciation

Term that refers to the decrease of the value of a property over time.

Down-payment

Percentage of a purchase price paid with your own money.

DSCR

Acronym for Debt Service Coverage Ratio.

Due Diligence

Period between an accepted offer and the closing. This step of the process of acquiring a property requires reviewing the contract and other legal documents, investigating the state of the property, and evaluating the risks and benefits of the property.

E

Escrow

A third neutral party in a transaction that withholds money or documents temporarily until a particular condition has been met.

F

Financial Revenue

Interest earned on security deposits and not enough to affect the analysis.

FOMO

Acronym for Fear Of Missing Out. Feeling of anxiety or worry that an exciting event may happen soon and will be missed.

G

GDP

Acronym for Gross Domestic Product. The total value of products and services made in a country in a specific period of time, typically, in a year.

GPR

Acronym for Gross Potential Rent. The maximum amount of revenue a landlord or an investor could generate from a certain property.

H

HNW

Acronym for High-Network Individual.

I

Investment

Buying an asset to obtain a certain yield (return).

IRR

Acronym for Internal rate of return. The annual rate of profit made from an investment.

L

Lease

A contract by which one party conveys property to another.

Lease Audit

Process of examining all the documents related to the lease.

Leverage

Debt. The percentage of capital stack comprised by the debt, as opposed to equity.

Levered Return

Percentage of return with a mortgage.

LLC

Acronym for Limited Liability Companies. Businesses that protect their members from the responsibility of the debts of the company.

LOI

Acronym for Letter Of Intent. A document written in a letter format expressing the intention to do a certain thing.

LTC

Acronym for Loan to Cost.

LTV

Acronym for Loan To Value. Percentage of mortgage debt in the capital stack.

M

Market

The general area where the property is located. Usually, the metropolitan statistical area (MSA)

MFRE

Acronym for Multifamily Real Estate. Apartments of 5 units or more are Commercial. 2, 3, and 4-family homes are residential.

Multifamily

Real Estate property that contains multiple units to be households.

N

NNN

Acronym for Triple Net Lease. A Triple Net Lease is a common type of agreement that states that the tenant of the property is responsible of all the expenses of the property.

NOI

Acronym for Net Operating Income. Net income after operating expenses, but before debt service and long-term.

Non-Amortizing Loan

Interest-only loan. Capital expenses.

NPV

Acronym for Net Present Value.

It's the value of all the future cash flows, including the positive and negative, for all the investment's lifetime.

O

OpEx

Acronym for Operating Expenses.

Overall/Total Return

Value of the sum of all returns.

P

PCA

Acronym for Property Condition Assessment. The lender’s engineering firm’s inspection report.

Pending Litigation

A lawsuit that hasn’t been yet resolved by a court or other authority.

Pocket Deals

Deals with special discounts and benefits.

Preliminary Due Diligence

Percentage of return with a mortgage.

Pro Formas

Projected NOI and expenses.

Promissory Note

Document made to outline the terms of a loan agreement to purchase a property.

PSA

Acronym for Purchase and Sale Agreement.

R

R&M

Acronym for Repair and Maintenance. Repainting, cleaning carpet, fixing a leak – ongoing and repeated expenses.

Ratio of Expenses to Revenues

The value of the expenses divided by the revenues.

Rehab & Reposition

 Investment strategy that consists in buying vacant property to fix and tenant; or rehab a property to reposition the property in the market and change the tenant base.

REI

Acronym for Real Estate Investors.

REIT

Acronym for Real Estate Investment Trust. A REIT is a company that owns, operates or finances income-producing Real Estate investments across a range of property sectors.

Rent Roll

A document used by investors to verify rental income generated by a commercial property.

Rental Concessions

Discounts from rent the property gave the residents. They are for staff members living on the property and enticing new tenants.

REO

Acronym for Real Estate Owned.

ROE

Acronym for Return on Equity. This value is the percentage of return of an investor's equity in the property.

ROI

Acronym for Return on investment.

S

SEC Lawyer

Acronym for security lawyer.

Section 1031

Exchanges that allow the seller of real estate to defer paying tax on depreciation recapture and capital gains.

SFR

Acronym for Single Family Rental.

Speculation

In Real Estate, the term "Speculation" means buying a property because you think it will go up. Sometimes, even at negative yield.

Sponsor

Individual or company who finds, acquires, or manages assets for a partnership.

Submarket

Area containing properties that compete.

Syndication

A partnership between a group of investors to raise capital to acquire real estate properties.

T

T-12

Acronym for Trailing 12 . A record of the last 12 months of a property’s financial operations. A key document for receiving financials.

T3

Acronym for Trailing 3 Months. It's the measurement of a Real Estate project's finances. Profit and Loss.

Title Search

A search of the chain of title to identify any persons who have an interest in the property that would interfere with your use and enjoyment.

U

Underwriting

The process of reviewing the risk of approving a specific loan.

Units

Structure that is used as a home, residence, or sleeping space.

Unlevered Return

 Return if the purchase is 100% cash. (No mortgage)

Utility

Public services, such as telephone, gas, water, or electricity.

V

Vacancy Cost

The rate of unoccupied units of a property.

Value-Add

Investment strategy that consists of buying a property with below-market rents and increasing value through management and/or capital improvements to increase NOI and asset value.

Vesting

Term that refers how the owner holds title of a property.